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Scientific Calculator
Full-featured scientific calculator with trigonometric functions (sin, cos, tan and inverses), logarithms (log, ln), exponents, roots, factorial, hyperbolic functions, memory storage, calculation history, and scientific notation. Supports DEG, RAD, and GRAD angle modes with full keyboard shortcut support.
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M: 0
ANS: 0
⌨️ Keyboard supported: Numbers, operators (+−×÷), Enter (=), Backspace, Escape (AC). Click 2nd to toggle inverse functions (sinasin, cosacos, tanatan).
Calculation History
Click any entry to restore the result.
No history yet. Start calculating!
Scientific Calculator Formulas
Trigonometry (RAD mode)
sin(θ) = opposite / hypotenuse
cos(θ) = adjacent / hypotenuse
tan(θ) = opposite / adjacent = sin/cos
sin²(θ) + cos²(θ) = 1 (Pythagorean identity)
DEG RAD: radians = degrees × π/180
RAD DEG: degrees = radians × 180/π
cos(θ) = adjacent / hypotenuse
tan(θ) = opposite / adjacent = sin/cos
sin²(θ) + cos²(θ) = 1 (Pythagorean identity)
DEG RAD: radians = degrees × π/180
RAD DEG: degrees = radians × 180/π
Logarithms
log(x) = log base 10 of x (common log)
ln(x) = log base e of x (natural log)
log₂(x) = log base 2 of x (binary log)
log(a×b) = log(a) + log(b)
log(a/b) = log(a) − log(b)
log(aⁿ) = n × log(a)
Change of base: logₙ(x) = ln(x) / ln(n)
ln(x) = log base e of x (natural log)
log₂(x) = log base 2 of x (binary log)
log(a×b) = log(a) + log(b)
log(a/b) = log(a) − log(b)
log(aⁿ) = n × log(a)
Change of base: logₙ(x) = ln(x) / ln(n)
Powers & Roots
x² = x × x
x³ = x × x × x
xⁿ = x raised to power n
√x = square root of x = x^(1/2)
∛x = cube root of x = x^(1/3)
eˣ = Euler's number (2.718...) to power x
10ˣ = 10 raised to power x
x³ = x × x × x
xⁿ = x raised to power n
√x = square root of x = x^(1/2)
∛x = cube root of x = x^(1/3)
eˣ = Euler's number (2.718...) to power x
10ˣ = 10 raised to power x
Factorial
n! = n × (n−1) × (n−2) × ... × 2 × 1
0! = 1 (by definition)
1! = 1
5! = 5×4×3×2×1 = 120
10! = 3,628,800
0! = 1 (by definition)
1! = 1
5! = 5×4×3×2×1 = 120
10! = 3,628,800
Mathematical Constants
π (Pi) = 3.14159265358979...
e (Euler) = 2.71828182845904...
φ (Phi) = 1.61803398874989... (Golden Ratio)
φ = (1 + √5) / 2
e = lim(n∞) (1 + 1/n)ⁿ
e (Euler) = 2.71828182845904...
φ (Phi) = 1.61803398874989... (Golden Ratio)
φ = (1 + √5) / 2
e = lim(n∞) (1 + 1/n)ⁿ
Scientific Notation
Standard form: a × 10ⁿ where 1 ≤ a < 10
Examples:
5,000,000 = 5 × 10⁶ = 5E+6
0.000042 = 4.2 × 10⁻⁵ = 4.2E-5
Speed of light: 3 × 10⁸ m/s
Examples:
5,000,000 = 5 × 10⁶ = 5E+6
0.000042 = 4.2 × 10⁻⁵ = 4.2E-5
Speed of light: 3 × 10⁸ m/s
Frequently Asked Questions
DEG and RAD are two units for measuring angles. DEG (degrees): a full circle = 360°. RAD (radians): a full circle = 2π ≈ 6.2832. A right angle = 90° = π/2 ≈ 1.5708 radians. Use DEG for everyday geometry and when angles are given in degrees. Use RAD for calculus, physics, and when angles are given in radians. Critical: sin(90) in DEG = 1 (correct). sin(90) in RAD ≈ 0.894 (treating 90 as 90 radians - a very large angle). Always check your mode before trig calculations.
The 2nd button activates the second functions of dual-purpose keys. Primary → 2nd functions: sin → asin (arcsin/inverse sine), cos → acos, tan → atan, log → 10ˣ, ln → eˣ, x² → √x (or vice versa), log₂ becomes accessible, ∛x and ʸ√x become available. Press 2nd, then the function key. The button typically highlights or changes colour to indicate 2nd mode is active.
ANS stores your most recent calculation result and inserts it into the current expression when pressed. Useful for chaining calculations: calculate something, then press ANS to use that result as input to the next step. Example: calculate √144 = 12, then type + ANS to add another number to 12. ANS is faster than typing the previous result manually and avoids transcription errors. ANS updates each time you press = or Enter.
MS (Memory Store): saves the current displayed value to memory. MR (Memory Recall): inserts the stored memory value into the current expression. M+ (Memory Add): adds the current display to whatever is already in memory. M- (Memory Subtract): subtracts. MC (Memory Clear): resets memory to zero. The 'M' badge indicator shows the current memory value. Memory is useful for multi-step calculations where you need to save an intermediate result, do other work, then retrieve it.
Scientific notation writes large or small numbers as a × 10ⁿ. The EE button (or EXP) lets you enter the exponent. Example: to enter 3 × 10⁸ (speed of light): press 3, then EE, then 8 = 300,000,000. To enter 1.6 × 10⁻¹⁹ (electron charge): press 1.6, EE, then −19. Scientific notation is essential for very large numbers (astronomical distances) or very small ones (atomic measurements) where typing all the zeros is impractical.
Factorial n! = n × (n−1) × (n−2) × ... × 2 × 1. Special cases: 0! = 1, 1! = 1. Examples: 5! = 120. 10! = 3,628,800. 20! = 2.4 × 10¹⁸. Factorials grow incredibly fast. Used in: combinatorics (how many ways to arrange n items = n!), probability (permutations P(n,r) = n!/(n-r)!, combinations C(n,r) = n!/(r!(n-r)!)), and Taylor/Maclaurin series expansions in calculus.
Yes - keyboard input is active when the calculator is in focus. Number keys (0–9), +, -, *, / work directly. Enter or = calculates. Backspace deletes the last character. Escape (Esc) clears all. The decimal point (.) works as expected. For functions not directly on the keyboard (sin, log, etc.), use the on-screen buttons. Keyboard input makes the calculator significantly faster for number-heavy calculations.
This calculator uses JavaScript's 64-bit floating-point arithmetic (IEEE 754), which provides approximately 15–17 significant decimal digits of precision - the same standard used by most professional scientific calculators and programming languages. Limitations: floating-point arithmetic can produce small rounding errors (e.g., 0.1 + 0.2 = 0.30000000000000004 instead of exactly 0.3). These are inherent to binary floating-point representation, not calculator errors. For most practical purposes (engineering, science, academic), this precision is more than sufficient.
Scientific Calculator - All Functions and How to Use Them
A scientific calculator handles everything beyond basic arithmetic - trigonometric functions, logarithms, exponentials, roots, factorials, and more. Understanding what each function does and when to use it makes this tool useful for physics homework, engineering calculations, statistics, and competitive exam prep alike.
The most common mistake with trig functions: Checking whether you're in DEG or RAD mode. sin(90) in DEG = 1 (correct for a right angle). sin(90) in RAD = 0.894 (treating 90 as 90 radians, which is a very large angle). Always verify the mode before trig calculations - it's the most frequent source of wrong answers.
Function Reference - What Each Button Does
Trigonometric Functions
- sin, cos, tan: Sine, cosine, tangent of an angle. Input must match your DEG/RAD setting.
- asin, acos, atan (2nd mode): Inverse trig - give the angle from a ratio. asin(0.5) = 30° in DEG mode.
- sinh, cosh, tanh: Hyperbolic functions - used in engineering, physics, complex analysis.
- GRAD mode: Gradians (400 per full circle). Used in surveying.
Logarithms and Exponentials
- log: Base-10 logarithm. log(1000) = 3.
- ln: Natural logarithm (base e). ln(e²) = 2.
- log₂ (2nd mode): Base-2 log. Essential in computing - log₂(1024) = 10.
- eˣ (2nd mode): e raised to power x. Inverse of ln.
- 10ˣ (2nd mode): 10 raised to power x. Inverse of log.
Powers, Roots and Factorial
- x²: Square of the displayed number. 7² = 49.
- x³: Cube. 4³ = 64.
- xʸ: Any power. Enter base, press xʸ, enter exponent, press =. 2^10 = 1024.
- √x: Square root. √144 = 12.
- ∛x: Cube root. ∛27 = 3.
- ʸ√x (2nd mode): Nth root. Enter radicand, press ʸ√x, enter n, press =.
- n! (factorial): n × (n−1) × ... × 2 × 1. Used in combinatorics and probability. 5! = 120. Note: factorials grow extremely fast - 20! is already 2.4 × 10¹⁸.
- 1/x (reciprocal): 1 divided by the current value. 1/x of 8 = 0.125.
- |x| (absolute value): Distance from zero. |−7| = 7.
Using Memory for Multi-Step Calculations
Memory functions are essential for calculations that can't be done in a single expression - for example, calculating two separate values and then combining them:
- Calculate the first sub-result (e.g., the area of one shape)
- Press MS (Memory Store) to save it
- Calculate the second sub-result
- Press M+ to add it to memory (or use MR to recall and combine)
- Press MR (Memory Recall) to get the stored total
The ANS button inserts your most recent result without needing to use memory - useful for chaining calculations: calculate something, then use ANS as input to the next step without retyping. Both memory and ANS are displayed persistently so you always know what's stored.
How this calculator works, and where the numbers come from
The Scientific Calculator applies the standard formula for this calculation to the values you enter and updates the result as you type. The calculation itself happens in your browser, and the page explains the method so you can check any result by hand.
Please note: Results are provided for general information and are calculated from the values you enter.