💹 ROI Calculator

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ROI

⚖️ Compare Investments

Add investments to compare ROI, profit and payback side by side.

Investment
Cost (₹)
Return (₹)

📢 Marketing ROI Calculator

Calculate return on your marketing campaigns.

📐 ROI Formulas

Basic ROI

ROI % = (Net Profit / Investment Cost) × 100 = (Return - Cost) / Cost × 100 Example: Invest ₹1,00,000, get back ₹1,45,000 Net Profit = 1,45,000 - 1,00,000 = ₹45,000 ROI = 45,000 / 1,00,000 × 100 = 45%

Annualised ROI (CAGR)

Annualised ROI = ((Final Value / Initial Value)^(1/Years) - 1) × 100 Example: ₹1,00,000 → ₹1,61,000 over 3 years = ((1,61,000 / 1,00,000)^(1/3) - 1) × 100 = (1.61^0.333 - 1) × 100 = (1.172 - 1) × 100 = 17.2% per year This is the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR). Better than simple ROI for comparing investments of different durations.

Payback Period

Payback Period = Initial Investment / Annual Cash Flow Example: ₹5,00,000 investment, ₹1,20,000/year return Payback = 5,00,000 / 1,20,000 = 4.17 years Total ROI over 10 years: Total Return = 1,20,000 × 10 = ₹12,00,000 Net Profit = 12,00,000 - 5,00,000 = ₹7,00,000 ROI = 7,00,000 / 5,00,000 × 100 = 140%

Marketing ROI (ROAS vs ROI)

ROAS (Return on Ad Spend) = Revenue / Ad Spend A ROAS of 3.6× means ₹3.60 revenue per ₹1 ad spend Marketing ROI = (Revenue × Gross Margin - Ad Spend) / Ad Spend × 100 Example: ₹50,000 spend, ₹1,80,000 revenue, 40% margin Gross Profit = 1,80,000 × 0.40 = ₹72,000 Net Profit = 72,000 - 50,000 = ₹22,000 Marketing ROI = 22,000 / 50,000 × 100 = 44%

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

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ROI Calculator - Understanding Return on Investment, CAGR and Payback Period

ROI is the most fundamental measure of investment performance - but using it correctly requires understanding its limitations. The basic formula (Net Profit ÷ Cost × 100) is simple, but comparing a 50% ROI over 5 years against a 30% ROI over 1 year is meaningless without annualisation. This calculator handles both the basic and annualised calculations, and puts multiple investments on a comparable CAGR basis.

ROI vs CAGR - the critical difference: Investment A: ₹1L → ₹1.5L in 1 year = 50% ROI = 50% CAGR. Investment B: ₹1L → ₹2.5L in 5 years = 150% ROI = 20.1% CAGR. Investment A looks better at 50% ROI vs 150% ROI. But annualised, A is a much stronger investment at 50% per year vs 20% per year. Always compare using CAGR.

ROI, CAGR, IRR - Three Metrics for Different Situations

ROI and CAGR

  • Basic ROI: (Returns − Cost) ÷ Cost × 100. Simple, ignores time. Good for single-period comparisons at the same duration.
  • CAGR (Annualised ROI): (Final÷Initial)^(1÷Years) − 1. Accounts for time. Best for comparing any two investments with different holding periods.
  • Both assume money in and out at fixed points. Neither accounts for cash flows during the period.

IRR - For Complex Cash Flows

  • IRR (Internal Rate of Return): the discount rate that makes NPV of all cash flows = 0
  • Accounts for the timing of each cash flow - earlier returns are worth more
  • Use for: multi-year projects with varied annual returns, real estate with ongoing rental income, private equity
  • For simple buy-and-hold investments: CAGR is sufficient and easier to interpret

ROI Benchmarks by Investment Type (India)

Understanding what constitutes a good ROI requires context - different asset classes carry different risks and require different minimum returns:

  • Bank FD: 6.5–7.5% p.a. Risk-free (DICGC insured). This is your floor - any investment should beat this to justify the additional risk.
  • PPF: 7.1% p.a. Tax-free. Effective post-tax return beats most FDs for taxpayers in 20–30% bracket.
  • Debt mutual funds: 6–8% p.a. (varies by fund). Short-to-medium term, lower risk.
  • Gold: Approximately 8–10% CAGR in India over the last 20 years. Inflation hedge, but high volatility year-to-year.
  • Real estate: 8–14% CAGR including appreciation and rental yield. Location-dependent, illiquid.
  • Nifty 50 index funds: ~12–14% CAGR over 10–20 year horizons. Higher risk, highest long-term return for most retail investors.
  • Business investment: Minimum hurdle rate of 15–25% to justify the risk, capital deployment, and management time involved.

Marketing ROI vs ROAS - An Important Distinction

For marketing campaigns, two related but different metrics are commonly used:

  • ROAS (Return on Ad Spend): Revenue ÷ Ad Spend. A ROAS of 4 means ₹4 revenue for every ₹1 spent. Simple but ignores profit margins - ₹4 revenue at 20% margin is very different from ₹4 revenue at 60% margin.
  • Marketing ROI: (Revenue × Gross Margin% − Ad Spend) ÷ Ad Spend × 100. Accounts for margin, giving the true profitability of the campaign. A 300% marketing ROI means ₹3 net profit per ₹1 spent.

Example: ₹50,000 ad spend generating ₹2,00,000 revenue at 35% gross margin. ROAS = 4.0. Marketing ROI = (2,00,000 × 0.35 − 50,000) ÷ 50,000 × 100 = 40%. A 4× ROAS sounds excellent; the true ROI of 40% on the ad spend is still good but tells a different story. Always use marketing ROI - not just ROAS - to evaluate campaign profitability.