🤔 Rent vs Buy Comparison

🔵 Renting
🟢 Buying
📊 Shared Assumptions

⚠️ Disclaimer: Projections based on inputs. Real estate and investment returns vary. Consult a financial advisor.

📈 Year-by-Year Comparison

Run the calculator first to see the timeline.

Year Cumul. Rent Cost Cumul. Buy Cost Net Worth (Rent) Net Worth (Buy) Winner
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📐 How Rent vs Buy Is Calculated

True Cost of Renting

Annual Rent Cost = Monthly Rent × 12 (growing each year) Total Rent = Sum of all rent payments over N years + Renter's insurance payments − Investment gains on down payment + monthly savings Opportunity cost: If you rent instead of buy, you invest the down payment at your expected return rate. You also invest any monthly savings (if rent < mortgage PITI).

True Cost of Buying

Total Buy Costs = Down Payment + Closing Costs + All Mortgage Payments (P+I) + Property Taxes + Home Insurance + Maintenance (1-2% of home value/yr) + HOA Fees + Selling Costs (when you sell) − Home Appreciation (equity built) − Principal Paydown (equity) Net Buy Cost = Total Costs − Net Proceeds from Sale

Net Worth Comparison

Renter Net Worth = Down Payment invested × (1+r)ⁿ + Monthly savings invested each year (savings = how much cheaper rent is vs PITI) Buyer Net Worth = Home Value after appreciation − Remaining Loan Balance − Selling Costs Break-Even Year = Year when Buyer Net Worth > Renter Net Worth (OR cumulative buy cost < cumulative rent cost)

Key Assumptions & Limitations

This calculator assumes: ✅ Fixed interest rate (not ARM) ✅ Constant appreciation rate each year ✅ Renter invests the difference in savings ✅ Standard tax treatment (no itemized deductions) ✅ PMI not included (assumes 20%+ down) Factors NOT modelled: ⚠️ Tax deductibility of mortgage interest (varies) ⚠️ Rent control laws in your area ⚠️ Local market conditions ⚠️ Transaction costs for investment portfolio

❓ Frequently Asked Questions

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Rent vs Buy Calculator - The Question Isn't Just About Monthly Payments

The mortgage payment vs monthly rent comparison is the wrong way to evaluate rent vs buy. A fair comparison must account for all the costs and benefits on both sides - homeownership costs beyond the mortgage (taxes, maintenance, insurance), the investment return on the down payment a renter keeps invested, home equity buildup, and the transaction costs of buying and selling. Only when all these are modelled does the real break-even become visible.

Why "the mortgage is less than rent" can still mean renting is better: A $500K home with 20% down at 7% = $2,661/month mortgage. But add property tax (~$500), insurance (~$200), maintenance (~$417) = $3,778/month true cost. If rent is $3,200 and you invest the $100K down payment + $578/month savings at 8% return: after 5 years, the renter's investment portfolio can outweigh the buyer's equity - especially if moving costs (5–6% of home price to sell) are factored in.

The Price-to-Rent Ratio - The Market Signal

The price-to-rent ratio (PTR) = Home Price ÷ Annual Rent gives a quick read on whether a market favours buying or renting:

PTR Interpretation

  • Below 15: Strongly favours buying. Home prices are low relative to rent. Equity builds faster than rent.
  • 15–20: Borderline. Use the full calculator with your specific assumptions.
  • 20–25: Generally favours renting unless staying 8+ years with strong appreciation assumptions.
  • Above 25: Strongly favours renting or very long time horizon needed. High-cost coastal markets.

PTR by Market Type (2025)

  • San Francisco, NYC: 30–50+ (strongly renting)
  • Los Angeles, Boston: 25–35 (favours renting)
  • Austin, Denver: 18–25 (borderline)
  • Chicago, Phoenix: 14–20 (borderline to buying)
  • Detroit, Cleveland: 8–12 (strongly buying)

The Opportunity Cost of the Down Payment

A 20% down payment on a $400,000 home is $80,000. A renter who keeps that $80,000 invested in a diversified index fund at 8% annual return accumulates:

  • After 5 years: $117,500 (vs the buyer's $80K down growing through home appreciation)
  • After 10 years: $172,600
  • After 20 years: $372,900

The buyer's down payment also grows - through home equity via mortgage paydown and appreciation. The question the calculator answers: which path builds more net worth after accounting for all costs and all investment returns? The answer depends heavily on the home appreciation rate assumption and the renter's actual investment discipline.

When Buying Is Clearly Better

  • Long time horizon (7+ years): Transaction costs are amortised over many years; equity builds substantially.
  • Low price-to-rent ratio (below 15): Buying is cheap relative to renting in that market.
  • Strong local appreciation history: Markets with consistent above-average appreciation accelerate equity.
  • Fixed vs rising rents: A fixed-rate mortgage provides payment certainty as rents typically rise 3–5%/year.
  • Personal value of stability and control: No landlord risk, ability to renovate, stability for children's schooling. These non-financial factors matter and aren't captured in the calculator.

When Renting Is Clearly Better

  • Short time horizon (under 3–5 years): Transaction costs alone (5–6% to sell + 2–3% to buy) require significant appreciation just to break even.
  • High price-to-rent ratio (above 25): Renting the same quality home costs significantly less than owning it.
  • Career or location uncertainty: Buying locks you in; mobility has real economic value in a dynamic job market.
  • Renter investing the difference: A renter who genuinely invests the down payment and monthly savings differential can build comparable wealth - but this requires investment discipline.